1. The best way to preserve serum?
It is recommended that serum be stored at -5℃ to -20℃. If you cannot use one bottle at a time, it is recommended that you aseptically separate the serum into an appropriate sterilized container and put it back in the freezer.
2. How to defrost serum so as not to damage product quality?
We suggest that after taking the serum out of the freezer, it should be dissolved in the refrigerator at 2-8℃ and then completely dissolved at room temperature. But it must be noted that the dissolution process must be regularly shaken evenly.
3. Flocculent precipitate is found after serum thawing, how to deal with it?
There are many reasons for the occurrence of precipitate in serum, but the most common reason is the denaturation of lipoprotein in serum. Fibrin (one of the proteins that form blood clots) is also present in serum after thawing and is one of the main causes of serum precipitation. But these flocculent precipitates do not affect the quality of serum itself.
If you want to remove these flocculent precipitate, you can separate the serum into a sterile centrifuge tube, centrifuge it slightly at 400g, then the supernatant can be added to the culture medium for filtration. We do not recommend that you remove these flocculent sediments by filtration, as it may block your membrane.
4. What is heat inactivation? Is it necessary to do thermal inactivation?
The thawed serum is usually treated at 56℃ for 30 minutes, because this heating step can deactivate complement, which is involved in the following reactions: cytolytic activity, contraction of smooth muscle, release of mast cells and platelet histamine, enhanced phagocytosis, chemochemization and activation of lymphocytes and macrophages.
Experiments have shown that heat-inactivated serum, properly processed, is not needed for most cells. The treated serum has little or no effect on cell growth and is often slowed down by the effects of high temperature treatment on serum quality.
And the serum after heat treatment, the formation of sediment increased significantly, these deposits observed under inverted microscope, like "small black spots", often let researchers think serum has been plagued by pollution, and put the serum on 37 ℃ environment, and can make the sediment more increased, split the researchers considered microbial expansion.
Therefore, we recommend that you do not need to do the heat inactivation step unless necessary. Thus, not only save your precious time, but also ensure the quality of your serum!
5. How to avoid the appearance of sediment?
We suggest that you pay attention to the proper steps of serum thawing when using serum, and try to avoid inactivating serum and exposing serum to high temperature for a long time.
Trends in the biotechnology industry
The research content of biotechnology economics mainly focuses on the investment and income analysis of biotechnology research. In terms of the source and scale of biotechnology research investment, since Grilches made a preliminary study in the 1950s, and Ruttan and his colleagues made a transnational comparison in the 1970s, it has been widely concerned by the world industry. The development of biotechnology has fostered a completely new and promising field of industry. Investment in biotechnology includes both public and private investment. Biotechnology-induced productivity gains are the main driver of public and private investment in biotechnology. Genome industry will become the sunrise industry in the 21st century, its huge economic benefits attract investors and enterprises to gather in this field. From the 1970s to the 1980s, biotechnology gradually occupied the "leading" position in the development of the whole natural science. By the end of the 20th century, for example, 51 per cent of American PHDS were working in biotechnology; There are 13 biopharmaceutical companies in the top 50 of the world's 500 most powerful companies, and their profit margin on capital is close to 20 percent, much higher than that of the information industry. It can be seen that the impact of biotechnology on society and economy is very important. The United States is an early country in the development of modern biotechnology, and the biotechnology industry has a certain scale. Whether it is in the research level and investment intensity, or in the industrial scale and market share, the United States leads the world. The United States has about half of the world's biotech companies and half of its patents; Sales of biotechnology products in the United States account for more than 90 percent of the global market for biotechnology products. Biotechnology industry is an industry with high profits and high returns. According to relevant estimates, its investment profit rate can reach 17.6%, twice that of information industry 8.l %, and much higher than that of computer manufacturing industry of 7%. At present, the world has dozens of biotechnology products with annual sales of more than $1 billion, and it is expected that the value of the biotechnology industry will soon exceed $600 billion a year. The biotechnology industry with the characteristics of high investment, high return and high risk is recognized as one of the most promising industries in the 21st century, and it is a real "big gold mine". At present, more than 60% of biotechnological achievements are used in the pharmaceutical industry to develop new characteristic drugs or improve traditional medicine, which has led to major changes in the pharmaceutical industry. As we all know, the pharmaceutical industry is a high-tech industry, biomedicine is like the crown jewel, dazzling but some unreachable. The reason is that it needs capital and technology to be invested on a large scale. As a result, a new investment method -- venture capital, which can gather the funds of all investors who prefer risk in the market and invest them in enterprises that need financing, emerges at the historic moment. Venture capital paid more attention to bioengineering in the early 1980s, and they all became pioneers in the biotechnology industry. The rise of the Internet in the 1990s shifted venture capital's interest. Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the rise of the Internet bubble and the maturity of bioengineering, financial capital has returned to the field of bioengineering. As biotechnology companies such as AMGEN Bioengineering entered fortune magazine in the United States
